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Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the center of which is a 20-meter (22-yard) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at the wicket with the bat, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this and dismiss each player (so they are "out"). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground. When ten players have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information.Cricket has close historical ties with Australian rules football and many players have competed at top level in both sports.[1] The sport is also played in parts of South America, the Caribbean, and Africa. Women's cricket, which is organised and played separately, has also achieved international standard. The most successful side playing international cricket is Australia, having won seven One Day International trophies, including five World Cups, more than any other country and having been the top-rated Test side more than any other country.Cricket is one of many games in the "club ball" sphere that basically involve hitting a ball with a hand-held implement; others include baseball, golf, hockey, tennis, squash, badminton and table tennis.[2] It is believed that cricket originated as a children's game in the south-eastern counties of England, sometime during the medieval period.[3]According to the social historian Derek Birley, there was a "great upsurge of sport after the Restoration" in 1660.[4] Gambling on sport became a problem significant enough for Parliament to pass the 1664 Gambling Act, limiting stakes to £100 which was, in any case, a colossal sum exceeding the annual income of 99% of the population.[5] Along with prizefighting, horse racing and blood sports, cricket was perceived to be a gambling sport.[6] Rich patrons made matches for high stakes, forming teams in which they engaged the first professional players.[7]By the end of the seventeenth century, cricket had developed into a major sport which was spreading throughout England and was already being taken abroad by English mariners and colonisers – the earliest reference to cricket overseas is dated 1676.[8] The expansion of the British Empire led to cricket being played overseas and by the mid-19th century it had become well established in Australia, the Caribbean, India, New Zealand, North America and South Africa.[9] In 1844, the first-ever international match took place between the United States and Canada.[10]The Laws of Cricket were codified in England by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in 1788 and have since been amended several times.[11] The most recent version of the laws was published in 2017.[12] They are maintained by the International Cricket Council (ICC) and the MCC. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours. In addition to the basic kit, some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball, which is a hard, solid spheroid made of compressed leather with a slightly raised sewn seam enclosing a cork core which is layered with tightly wound string.Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played on a cricket field (see image, right) between two teams of eleven players each.[13] The field is usually circular or oval in shape and the edge of the playing area is marked by a boundary, which may be a fence, part of the stands, a rope, a painted line or a combination of these; the boundary must if possible be marked along its entire length.[14]The pitch is a flat surface 10 feet (3.0 m) wide, with very short grass that tends to be worn away as the game progresses (cricket can also be played on artificial surfaces, notably matting). In between the wicket-keeper and the batsman is the umpire, who is responsible for adjudicating on all matters concerning the game.[15]There are various formats ranging from Twenty20, played over a few hours with each team batting for a single innings of 20 overs, to Test matches, played over five days with unlimited overs and the teams each batting for two innings of unlimited length. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours.The main objective of each team is to score more runs than their opponents but, in some forms of cricket, it is also necessary to dismiss all of the opposition batsmen in their final innings in order to win the match, which would otherwise be drawn.[16] If the team batting last is all out having scored fewer runs than their opponents, they are said to have "lost by n runs" (where n is the difference between the aggregate number of runs scored by the teams). If the team that bats last scores enough runs to win, it is said to have "won by n wickets", where n is the number of wickets left to fall. For example, a team that passes its opponents' total having lost six wickets (i.e., six of their batsmen have been dismissed) have won the match "by four wickets".[17]Cricket is a multi-faceted sport with multiple formats that can effectively be divided into first-class cricket, limited overs cricket and, historically, single wicket cricket. The highest standard is Test cricket (always written with a capital "T") which is in effect the international version of first-class cricket and is restricted to teams representing the twelve countries that are full members of the ICC (see above). Although the term "Test match" was not coined until much later, Test cricket is deemed to have begun with two matches between Australia and England in the 1876–77 Australian season; since 1882, most Test series between England and Australia have been played for a trophy known as The Ashes. The term "first-class", in general usage, is applied to top-level domestic cricket. Test matches are played over five days and first-class over three to four days; in all of these matches, the teams are allotted two innings each and the draw is a valid result.[18]When a team plays against another team, one team is designated the home team, and the other team is the away team. The home team (sometimes written as "the hosts") bats first and the away team bowls first. The team batting first sets the target score in a single innings. The innings lasts until the batting side is "all out" (i.e. 10 batsmen are dismissed). Alternatively, the innings ends if the batting side sets a target score and all its batsmen are dismissed in achieving that score. The team that bowls first tries to prevent the batting side from scoring runs, while the batting side tries to score as many runs as possible.If the match ends in a draw, each team gets one point. A "win" is worth two points. The winner of a match is the team that scores the most points. If the scores are level at the end of the match, it is a "tie", and each team gets one point.In Test cricket, the two teams play a four-innings match, which may last up to five days. The team that bats first sets the target score in a single innings. The innings lasts until the batting side is "all out" (i.e. 10 batsmen are dismissed). Alternatively, the innings ends if the batting side sets a target score and all its batsmen are dismissed in achieving that score. The team that bowls first tries to prevent the batting side from scoring runs, while the batting side tries to score as many runs as possible.If the match ends in a draw, each team gets one point. A "win" is worth two points. The winner of a match is the team that scores the most points. If the scores are level at the end of the match, it is a "tie", and each team gets one point.In limited overs cricket, the two teams play a one-innings match, which may last up to seven hours. The team that bats first sets the target score in a single innings. The innings lasts until the batting side is "all out" (i.e. 10 batsmen are dismissed). Alternatively, the innings ends if the batting side sets a target score and all its batsmen are dismissed in achieving that score. The team that bowls first tries to prevent the batting side from scoring runs, while the batting side tries to score as many runs as possible.If the match ends in a draw, each team gets one point. A "win" is worth two points. The winner of a match is the team that scores the most points. If the scores are level at the end of the match, it is a "tie", and each team gets one point.In single wicket cricket, the two teams play a one-innings match, which may last up to four hours. The team that bats first sets the target score in a single innings. The innings lasts until the batting side is "all out" (i.e. 10 batsmen are dismissed). Alternatively, the innings ends if the batting side sets a target score and all its batsmen are dismissed in achieving that score. The team that bowls first tries to prevent the batting side from scoring runs, while the batting side tries to score as many runs as possible.If the match ends in a draw, each team gets one point. A "win" is worth two points. The winner of a match is the team that scores the most points. If the scores are level at the end of the match, it is a "tie", and each team gets one point.The main objective of each team is to score more runs than their opponents but, in some forms of cricket, it is also necessary to dismiss all of the opposition batsmen in their final innings in order to win the match, which would otherwise be drawn.[19] If the team batting last is all out having scored fewer runs than their opponents, they are said to have "lost by n runs" (where n is the difference between the aggregate number of runs scored by the teams). If the team that bats last scores enough runs to win, it is said to have "won by n wickets", where n is the number of wickets left to fall. For example, a team that passes its opponents' total having lost six wickets (i.e., six of their batsmen have been dismissed) have won the match "by four wickets".[20]Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played on a cricket field (see image, right) between two teams of eleven players each.[21] The field is usually circular or oval in shape and the edge of the playing area is marked by a boundary, which may be a fence, part of the stands, a rope, a painted line or a combination of these; the boundary must if possible be marked along its entire length.[22]The pitch is a flat surface 10 feet (3.0 m) wide, with very short grass that tends to be worn away as the game progresses (cricket can also be played on artificial surfaces, notably matting). In between the wicket-keeper and the batsman is the umpire, who is responsible for adjudicating on all matters concerning the game.[23]There are various formats ranging from Twenty20, played over a few hours with each team batting for a single innings of 20 overs, to Test matches, played over five days with unlimited overs and the teams each batting for two innings of unlimited length. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours.The main objective of each team is to score more runs than their opponents but, in some forms of cricket, it is also necessary to dismiss all of the opposition batsmen in their final innings in order to win the match, which would otherwise be drawn.[24] If the team batting last is all out having scored fewer runs than their opponents, they are said to have "lost by n runs" (where n is the difference between the aggregate number of runs scored by the teams). If the team that bats last scores enough runs to win, it is said to have "won by n wickets", where n is the number of wickets left to fall. For example, a team that passes its opponents' total having lost six wickets (i.e., six of their batsmen have been dismissed) have won the match "by four wickets".[25]In Test cricket, the two teams play a four-innings match, which may last up to five days. The team that bats first sets the target score in a single innings. The innings lasts until the batting side is "all out" (i.e. 10 batsmen are dismissed). Alternatively, the innings ends if the batting side sets a target score and all its batsmen are dismissed in achieving that score. The team that bowls first tries to prevent the batting side from scoring runs, while the batting side tries to score as many runs as possible.If the match ends in a draw, each team gets one point. A "win" is worth two points. The winner of a match is the team that scores the most points. If the scores are level at the end of the match, it is a "tie", and each team gets one point.In limited overs cricket, the two teams play a one-innings match, which may last up to seven hours. The team that bats first sets the target score in a single innings. The innings lasts until the batting side is "all out" (i.e. 10 batsmen are dismissed). Alternatively, the innings ends if the batting side sets a target score and all its batsmen are dismissedbetting tips cricket match